Bank of China limited first opened its branch office in Hong Kong in 1917. After the listing of BOC Hong Kong (Holdings) Limited, a subsidiary of the Bank, on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2002, Bank of China maintained the branch in Hong Kong which continued to hold a full banking license granted under the Banking Ordinance (Cap. 155) and was registered as an authorized institution under the Banking Ordinance. Bank of China uses this branch primarily to conduct financial markets businesses, which include foreign-currency denominated debt security investment management, issuance of CDs (Certificates of Deposit)/MTN/senior debts, investment of on-shore RMB debt securities, bond underwriting and sales, asset management, off-shore RMB trading, and risk management of the above-mentioned busi